Módulo 3.Evaluación de riesgos laborales relacionados con los empleos verdes y digitales. Aumentar la cultura ocupacional para la transición ecológica y digital /free/

Risk assessment provides both decision-makers and decision-makers with a better understanding of the risks that could affect the achievement of objectives and the adequacy and effectiveness of controls already in place. This provides a basis for decisions about the most appropriate approaches to use to treat risks. The output of risk assessment is an input to the decision-making processes of the organization.

Risk assessment is the process comprising: risk identification, risk analysis and risk assessment.

How this process is applied depends not only on the context of the risk management process, but also on the methods and techniques used to carry out the risk assessment.

It is divided into the following additional topics:

Risk identification

It is the process of identifying and recognising risks and keeping records of them. Methods for identifying risks may include:

• evidence-based methods, examples of which are checklists and the review of historical data;
• systematic approaches of whom, in which a team of experts follows a systematic process to identify risks through a structured group of issues and surveys
• inductive reasoning techniques such as PHA, HAZOP, LOPA, etc.

Risk analysis

It is the activity that develops the understanding of risks. It provides input to risk assessment and decisions about which risks need to be treated and about the most appropriate strategies and methods for their treatment.

Risk analysis consists of determining the consequences and their probability of occurring, taking into account a presence or absence and the effectiveness of each existing control and the probabilities are combined to determine the level of risk.

The risk analysis involving considerations on the causes and sources of risk, their consequences and the likelihood that such consequences may occur. They should be identified the factors influencing the consequences and probabilities. Vi are various methods for such analyses. The risk analysis normally includes an estimate of the range of potential consequences that may arise from an event, date or circumstances and their associated probabilities, for the purpose of measuring the level of risk.

Risk assessment techniques

There are various risk assessment techniques and their applicability in the various phases of risk assessment, which are used according to the specific type of risk or company or sector that is being analyzed.

It may sometimes be necessary to use more than one assessment method.

Below are some evaluation models

Brainstorming

Brainstorming, the technique par excellence of creativity development, is very useful to identify the most varied eventualities, and to identify original methods to escape adverse events and limit their effects.

As part of the risk assessment, it is important that it is followed by an effective facilitator, and that what emerges as input is transferred to more structured analyses.

Check Lists

Lists of hazards, risks, failures, elements to be controlled, are a reality usually present even before a structured approach to risk assessment. They generally come from experience, and are easy to understand and use. However, we run the risk of limiting the imagination, of not investigating the causes of what is known, of not deepening what is unknown, of fossilizing on things that are no longer current.

FMEA

It is perhaps the analysis that in the last decade has had the greatestdiffusion as a method to identify how component failures and deviations from what is established can cause non-conformities and costs and damages at the system and process level. It allows an excellent understanding and documentation, and is generally associated with a semi-quantitative analysis that gives support in identifying treatment priorities. Its limitations derive substantially from the fact that the method becomes very complicated as the complexity and levels of analysis increase.

Cause-effect analysis

In its various forms – herringbone diagram by categories or process phases, tree diagram, and others – it is undoubtedly the most practiced form of qualitative analysis in the field of quality, where it helps to seek answers to the ‘why?’ that constitute in a certain sense the work trace of those who work in quality.

This type of research is also necessary and valuable to go to the roots of unwanted events, or to understand how effects manifest themselves. Very useful in preliminary stages, it does not help enough when you must prioritize treatment.